How much do you know about Type-C connectors
USB Type-C has made its way out of the rivers and lakes in one fell swoop by virtue of the advantages of the connector, and it has successfully reached the top. The application in various fields is an unstoppable trend. Apple’s MacBook has made people realize the convenience of the USB Type-C interface, and let everyone see it. The development trend of future equipment, USB3.1 Type-C equipment will continue to appear in the next few days; USB Type-C interface will undoubtedly become popular in the next few years, and eventually replace USB3 as USB3.0 replaces USB2.0 .0, and on mobile devices such as mobile phones and tablets, it has several features that allow mobile phones to charge faster, have higher data transmission speeds, support display output, and are more suitable as output interfaces for mobile devices. , At present, there is a great need for a universal universal interface to improve the connectivity between various devices, and these characteristics may make USB3.1 Type-C truly become a unified interface in the future, not just the application fields you see!
▧Factory automation
▧Industrial machinery
▧Data Center
▧Medical Devices
▧A/V digital switching
▧Power pack and charger
▧Automotive infotainment
▧Commercial equipment
▧Lighting
▧PC and Laptop
▧Smartphone
▧Tablet PC
If the USB Type C connector is designed in accordance with the industry standards of the USB Association, it must be stylish, slim, and compact, suitable for mobile devices, and at the same time need to meet the high strength required by the Association, and is also suitable for various industrial applications. USB Type C connection The connector provides a reversible mating interface; the socket can be inserted from any direction for easy and reliable mating, the connector also needs to support a variety of different Other connection types of type USB ports require more designs to meet the performance of electromagnetic interference (EMI) and other harsh environments. It is recommended that manufacturers use TID-certified connector manufacturers to avoid problems in terminal applications.
The USB Type-C receptacle is a single connector solution for data, power and A/V applications, its slim profile is suitable for mobile devices and durable enough for industrial applications, but in practical applications, we have a distinction as shown in the figure below Show
Type-C connectors have many advantages, but because the prices of various applications are different, the comprehensive brand manufacturers are marked as follows. Different items are marked, and the price will be different. Choose it appropriately
- Unique socket housing design provides industry-leading EMI performance
- Improved board retention for increased durability
- Available with IPX4-rated splash-proof options for all-round splash protection
- Available in a dual-row surface-mount (SMT) small-outline package to save valuable board space
- One-stop interconnection solution for data, power and A/V
- Interface adopts reversible design
- Supports USB 2.0, USB 3.1 Gen1 and USB 3.1 Gen2
- Power up to 100W (at 20V)
- Easily backwards compatible with other USB connectors using conversion cables or adapters
Other conventional product parameter comparison
Material
- Terminals: copper alloy
- Plastic Housing: Thermoplastic, UL 94 V-0
- Shielded housing: stainless steel
rated value
- Rated voltage: 30V max.
- Rated current:
- VBUS pin: 5A max, GND pin: 6.25A
- VCONN pin: 1.25A max
- Signal pin terminals: 0.25A min.
- Temperature Rating: -30oC to 85oC
The USB Type-C 3.1 interface has six advantages:
1.Full function: support data, audio, video and charging at the same time, laying the foundation for high-speed data, digital audio, high-definition video, fast charging, and multi-device sharing. One cable can replace multiple cables before;
2. Front and back plug: similar to the Apple Lighting interface, the front and back of the port are the same, and support both front and back plugs;
3.Two-way transmission: data and power can be transmitted in two directions;
4.Downward compatibility: through the adapter, it can be compatible with USB Type A, Micro B and other interfaces;
5. Small size: the interface size is 8.3mm X 2.5mm, which is about 1/3 of the USB-A interface;
6) High speed: Compatible with USB 3.1 protocol can support up to 10Gb/s data transmission.
USB PD Communication Instructions
USB-Power Delivery (USB PD) is a protocol specification that supports up to 100W power transmission and data communication in one cable; USB Type-C is a brand-new positive and negative USB connector specification that can support USB 3.1 (Gen1 A series of new standards such as Gen2), Display Port and USB PD; the USB Type-C port can support up to 5V3A by default; if USB PD is implemented in the USB Type-C port, it can support 100W defined in the USB PD specification Power (5A20V), therefore, having a USB Type-C port does not mean that it supports USB PD; USB PD seems to be just a protocol for power transmission and management, but in fact it can change the role of the port and communicate with active cables, allowing DFP has become a powered device and many other advanced functions, so devices supporting PD must use CC Logic chips (E-Mark chips).
USB Type-C VBUS current detection and use
The function of current detection and use has been added to USB Type-C, and three new current modes have been added: the default USB power mode (500mA/900mA), 1.5A, 3.0A; the three current modes are transmitted and detected by the CC pin , for the DFP that needs to broadcast the current output capability, it needs to be realized through the CC pull-up resistor Rp of different values; for the UFP, it is necessary to detect the voltage value on the CC pin to obtain the current output capability of the other DFP.
DFP-to-UFP and VBUS management and detection
DFP is a USB Type-C port on the host or hub, connected to the device, UFP is a USB Type-C port on the device or hub, connected to the DFP of the host or hub, DRP is a A USB Type-C port that can work as DFP or UFP, DRP switches between DFP and UFP every 50ms in standby mode. When switching to DFP, the CC pin must have a pull-up resistor Rp to VBUS or output a current source. When switching to UFP, the CC pin must have a pull-down resistor Rd to GND. This switching action must be completed by the CC Logic chip.
When the DFP detects that the UFP is plugged in, it can output the VBUS, and when the UFP is pulled out, the VBUS must be turned off. This action must be done by CC Logic chip.
Note: The above DRP is different from the USB-PD DRP. USB-PD DRP refers to the power port as Power Source (provider) and Sink (consumer). For example, the USB Type-C port on a laptop supports USB-PD DRP, which can be used as a Power Source (connected to a U disk) or mobile phone), can also be used as a Sink (when connected to a monitor or power adapter)
Data transmission mainly includes TX/RX two sets of differential signals, CC1 and CC2 are two key pins, which have many functions:
Detect connection, distinguish front and back, distinguish DFP and UFP, that is, master-slave configuration Vbus, there are two modes of USB Type-C and USB Power Delivery.
Configure Vconn, when there is a chip in the cable, one cc transmits the signal, and one cc becomes the power supply Vconn. Configure other modes, such as when connecting audio accessories, there are 4 power and ground for dp and pcie, which is why it can support up to 100W.
DRP (Dual Role Port): Dual role port, DRP can be used as DFP (Host) or UFP (Device), and can also be dynamically switched between DFP and UFP. A typical DRP device is a computer (the computer can be used as a USB host or as a device to be charged (Apple’s new MAC Book Air)), a mobile phone with OTG function (the mobile phone can be used as a device to be charged and read data, It can also be used as a host to provide power for other devices or read U disk data), mobile power supply (discharge and charge can be through a USB Type-C, that is, this port can discharge and charge)
Typical host-client (DFP-UFP) implementation of USB Type-C
CCpin concept
CC (Configuration Channel): Configuration channel, which is a new key channel in USB Type-C, its function is to detect USB connection, detect positive and negative insertion, establish and manage the connection between data and VBUS between USB devices, etc.
The CC pin of the DFP has a pull-up resistor Rp, and the UFP has a pull-down resistor Rd. When not connected, the VBUS of DFP has no output. After the connection, the CC pin is connected, and the CC pin of the DFP will detect the pull-down resistor Rd of the UFP, indicating that it is connected, and the DFP will turn on the Vbus power switch to output power to the UFP. And which CC pin (CC1, CC2) detects the pull-down resistor to determine the direction of the interface insertion, and switch RX/TX by the way.
Resistor Rd=5.1k, and resistor Rp is an uncertain value. According to the previous figure, we can see that USB Type-C has several power supply modes. How to identify them? Depending on the value of Rp, the value of Rp is different, the voltage detected by the CC pin is different, and then it is used to control which power supply mode the DFP side executes.
It should be noted that two CCs are drawn in the above picture, but in fact there is only one CC line in the cable without the chip.
Is USB Type-C mandatory for USB3.1 Gen1 or Gen2 specification? Is USB Type-C equivalent to USB3.0/3.1?
Answer: No, the USB Type-C specification is independent of the USB3.1 Gen1 and Gen2 specifications. We can use the traditional TypeA and TypeB interfaces to support Gen1 or Gen2. The USB Type-C specification is a new specification formulated by the USB-IF, which supports up to 100W power transmission and positive and negative insertion. The USB Type-C connector can be designed as either Gen1 or Gen2.
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